Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) is a broadband network architecture that delivers high-speed internet, TV, and telephone services directly to residences using optical fiber. It offers superior speed, reliability, and bandwidth compared to traditional copper-based solutions like DSL or cable.

1. Optical Line Terminal (OLT) - Located at the service provider's central office, it manages the fiber connection.
2. Optical Network Terminal (ONT) / Optical Network Unit (ONU) - Installed at the customer's premises to convert optical signals to electrical signals for devices.
3. Passive Optical Network (PON) - A cost-effective architecture that splits fiber signals to multiple users without active components.
   • GPON (Gigabit PON) - Offers up to 2.5 Gbps download speeds.
   • XGS-PON (10G PON) - Supports symmetrical 10 Gbps speeds.
   • NG-PON2 (Next-Gen PON) - Future-proof with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM).
4. Fiber Distribution Hub (FDH) - Splits and distributes fiber cables.
5. Drop Cables & Connectors - Connect the last-mile fiber to homes.

• Residential broadband
• IPTV & video-on-demand
• Telemedicine & remote education
• Smart city infrastructure